Receiver for electromagnetic waves.



PATE NTED JULY 4, 1905. R. A. FESSENDEN. RECEIVER FOR ELECTROMAGNETICWAVES APPLICATION FILED DE(J.14, 1904.

Invenior:

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UNITED STATES Patented July 4, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

RECEIVER FQR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 793,693, dated July 4,1905.

Application filed December 14, 1904. Serial No- 236,86Q.

To a. whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, REGINALD A. FnssnN- DEN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Washington, District of Columbia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Receivers forElectromagnetic The invention is hereinafter more fully described andclaimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification,Figures 1 and 2 show sectional views of different forms of receiverembodying my improvement, the receiver in Fig. 1 being shown inoperative relation to the other parts or elements of areceiving-station.

In the form of receiver shown in Fig. 1, 1 is a tube, preferably ofglass, closed by plugs 9 and 13, and partially or wholly filled with asuitable solution 7, which may, for example, be nitric acid or causticsoda. The plugs 9 and 13 are formed of a material incapable of beingaffected by the liquid in the tube. The fine-Wire terminal 6 of theliquid barretter is preferably sealed in a glass tube 12, which isinserted through the lower plug 13, so that the fine-wire terminal isimmersed in the solution 7. Through the upper plug 9 extends a tube 10,with stop-cock 11 and capable of being attached to a pump for varyingthe pressure inside of the glass tube 4:. 14. is the other terminal ofthe liquid barretter, which is preferably large. Instead of that form ofliquid barretter in which a fine- Wire terminal is used other forms,such as shown in United States Reissued Letters Patent No. 12,115, maybe used-as, for exam ple, the diaphragm form shown in said patent. As arule the liquid will not entirely fill the glass tube 4 but there willbe a space filled with gas or vapor. As good results are to be obtainedby decreasing the pressure on the liquid 7 and also by increasing it,depending upon the arrangement used and the results which it is desiredto obtain, I desire to cover, broadly, a change of pressure, and morespecifically an increase of pressure on the liquid. I have found thatwhen tube is connected to a pressure-pump, so that pressure in the tubeis raised above atmospheric pressure, the signals obtained in theindicating mechanism 3 are much louder and clearer, and I have obtainedvery good results with pressures as high as forty and fifty pounds persquare inch.

A second form of receiver embodying my invention is shown in Fig. 2,where 15 is one leg of the U-tube, containing a solution and having afine-wire terminal 16, sealed in a glass tube 17 projecting through theplug 18, so that the exposed end of the fine-wire terminal willbeimmersed in the liquid. Through the same plug is also passed a secondglass tube 19, having at its outer extremity a reliefvalve 20, adaptedto open only when the pressure exceeds a certain amount-for example, apressure of fifty pounds per square inch. This relief-valve ispreferably adjustable, so that pressures as high as several hundredpounds per square inch can beobtained when desired. The other leg 21 ofthe U-tube contains the other terminal 22 of the liquid barretter, saidterminal being preferably sealed in glass tube 23 which passes through asecond plug or seal 24. This leg 21 is also provided with a safety-valve25, similar to the valve 20. In this form of receiver the gases (oxygenand hydrogen) will accumulatein the respective legs of the U-tube untila pressure has been obtained above the atmospheric pressure, dependentupon the adjustments of the relief-valves. The oxygen gas which isevolved at the fine-Wire terminal 16 dissolves in the liquid, so thatthe latter becomes saturated with the oxygen to an extentdepending,among other things, on the pressure.

When a solution of carbonates is used-as, for example, carbonate of sodathe carbonic is evolved and a very large percent. is dissolved.

I have found that when the electrical waves pass through the constrictedliquid path around the line-wire terminal they intensify thedepolarization efl'ect referred to in United States Patent No. 12,115,above referred to, and thereby produce a larger indication or eflect.The change this causes in the resistance of the circuit acts in the sameway as the change in ohmic resistance, and the larger indication istherefore produced.

It will be understood that the improved form of barretter described andshown herein is to be arranged in operative relation to areceiving-aerial and preferably in operative relation to the aerial andtuned circuit, which is preferably a closed tuned circuit, as shown inFig. 1.

What I claim is- 1. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having aconstricted conducting fluid-path under pressure different from that ofatmospheric pressure.

2. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having a constricted conductingfluid under a pressure greater than that of atmospheric pressure.

3. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having a constricted conductingfluid-path and means for holdingsuch fluid-path under a pres suredifferent from atmospheric pressure.

4. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having in combination a holderor receptacle containing a liquid means for forming a constrictedconducting fluid-path in said liquid, and means for maintaining on saidliquid a pressure different from atmospheric pressure.

5. A receiver for electromagnetic waves in combination a holder orreceptacle containing a liquid, two terminals projecting into theliquid, one of said terminals being made of fine wire, and means formaintaining on said liquid a pressure different from atmosphericpressure.

6. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having in combination twoconnected holders or receptacles containing a liquid, two terminalsprojecting respectively into the holders or receptacles, means forforming a restricted conducting-path in the liquid and means formaintaining a pressure in said receptacles greater than atmosphericpressure.

7. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having in combination a holderor receptacle containing a liquid, means for forming a constrictedconducting fluid-path in the liquid and means for producing andmaintaining on the liquid a pressure greater than atmospheric by thedecomposition of the liquid.

8. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having in combination a U-tubecontaining a liquid, means for forming a constricted conductingfluid-path in the liquid, means for decomposing the liquid in the U-tubeand means for regulating the pressure in the tube due to decompositionof the liquid.

9. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having in combination a U-tubecontaining a liquid, a tine-wire terminal immersed in the liquid in oneleg of the tube, a second terminal immersed in the liquid, saidterminals being in operative relation to an aerial and a local circuit,and means for regulating the pressure in the tube due to thedecomposition of the liquid by electric current.

10. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having a constrictedelectrolytically conducting fluid-path under pressure different fromthat of atmospheric pressure.

11. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having a constrictedelectrolytically conducting fluid under a pressure greater than that ofatmospheric pressure.

12. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having a constrictedelectrolytically conducting fluid-path and means for holding suchfluid-path under a pressure dillerent from atmospheric pressure.

13. A receiver for electromagnetic waves having in combination a holderor receptacle containing a liquid means for forming a eon strictedelectrolytically conducting fluid-path in said liquid, and means formaintaining on said liquid a pressure different from atmosphericpressure.

1 1. A receiver for electromagnetic waves comprising an electrolyte anda terminal of small area under pressure different from that ofatmospheric pressure.

15. A receiver for electromagnetic waves comprising an electrolyte and aminute terminal under a pressure greater than that of atmospheric prcssure.

16. A receiver for electromagnetic waves comprising an electrolyte and aterminal 01'' small area in combination with means for passing a decompositioncu rrent through the same in combination with means forconfining and for venting the gases liberated by decomposition.

17. A receiver for electromagnetic waves comprising an electrolyte and aminute terminal in combination with means for confining gases liberatedat said terminal and for predetermining the upper limit of pressureolthe liberated gases.

18. A receiver for electromagnetic waves comprising an electrolyte and aminute terminal in combination with means for confining gases evolvedfrom said electrolyte and for adjustably regulating the limit ofpressure of said gases.

19. A receiver for electromagnetic waves comprising an electrolyte and aminute tcrminal in combination with means for applying a predeterminedvoltagcacross the same and means for adjustably determining the pressureon said electrolyte and terminal.

20. The combination of an'electrolytic cell with means for adjustablyapplying an electromotive force across the same and means formaintaining said cell under pressure greater than that of theatmosphere.

21. In a receiver for electromagnetic waves and in combination, a holderor receptacle containing an electrolyte, two terminals projecting intothe electrolyte, one of said terminals being made of fine wire and meansfor maintaining on said liquid, a pressure greater than atmosphericpressure. 22. In a wireless-telegraph receiving system, a closed tunedcircuit, a receiver-in series therewith comprising a minute terminal andan electrolyte in combination with means for su pplying and adjustingthe amount of continuous current-flow from a local battery through saidcell and means for limiting the rise of pressure on said cell due todecomposition of the electrolyte.

23. An electrolytic cell comprising an electrolyte, terminals and acasing, in combination with means for varying the pressure in said cell.

24:. An electrolytic cell comprising an electrolyte, terminals and agas-tight casing of means for raising theinternal pressure of said cell.

25. An electrolytic cell comprising an electrolyte terminals thereforand a casing in combination with a relief-valve.

26. An electrolytic cell comprising an electrolyte terminals and agas-tight casing therefor in combination with an adjustable reliefvalvefor adjusting the accumulation of pressure due to decomposition of theelectrolyte.

27. A receiver for electromagnetic waves comprising a constrictedconductingfluid-path in an electrolyte and a gas-tight casing incombination with a relief-valve.

' 28. A receiver for electromagnetic waves comprising an electrolyticcell provided with an adjustable relief-valve.

29. A gas-tight electrolytic cell arranged to vent at a predeterminedpressure above that of the atmosphere.

30. An electrolytic cell comprising a casing an electrolyte therein, agas-tight closure therefor, a circuit connection through said stopper, aterminal of small area in thefelectrolyte and means for relievinginternal pressure when raised above a predetermined excess over that ofatmosphere.

- 31. A receiver comprising a casing, an electrolyte therein, agas-tight closure for said casing, a minute terminal carried by saidclosure and projecting into the electrolyte and means for relievinginternal pressure when raised to a predetermined degree over that of gthe atmsophere.

32. A receiver comprising a cell, an electrolyte therein, a gas-tightstopper for closing said casing to maintain an internal pres sure apredetermined degree liigher than that of atmosphere, for the purposeset forth.

33. A receiver comprising a casing, an electrolyte therein, a gas-tightclosure therefor in combination with a terminal of small area rectedterminal of small area and the other closure carrying means forpredetermining or varying the internal pressure of the cell.

Signed at Washington, District of Columbia', this 14th day of December,A. D. 1904.

REGINALD A. FESSENDEN.

Witnesses:

THOMAS P. BROWN, JESSIE E. BENT.

